工业自动化和控制
工业 4.0 正在推动制造业的数字化和变革。 通过将工业 4.0 模式与先进的分析、人工智能 (AI) 和工业物联网 (IIoT) 相结合，可以为各种工厂运营提供速度和精确度，提高生产率和可靠性。
通过将工业 4.0 模式的优势与先进的数据分析、人工智能 (AI) 和工业物联网 (IIoT) 相结合，可以为各种工厂运营提供速度和精确度，提高生产率和可靠性。 这种技术的迅速发展及其在整个企业中的整合，正在重塑制造商运营和生产优质产品的方式。
优势包括：
- 减少定期和手动检查
- 提高生产效率
- 降低生产成本
- 提高产品质量
- 增加灵活性
- 提高安全性
下面概述了工业自动化应用的三个主要级别：
级别 1 - 监控器级别：
主要是基于电脑的系统，例如，配备供应商特定工业过程控制软件以进行过程参数化和可视化的工业电脑（机架式和面板式）。 双向通信基于 Gbit LAN 或更高带宽的主干或无线拓扑 (WLAN)。 为避免数据丢失并且出于安全原因，安装不间断电源 (UPS)。
核心组件：工业电脑、面板式电脑、HMI、WLAN
级别 2 - 控制级别：
这是执行自动化程序的自动化系统级别。 此级别的系统需要较高的实时性能，并且基于在其上运行专有操作系统的特殊控制器架构。 高实时兼容双向通信总线协议（依据 IEEE 1588）对于此级别必不可少。
核心组件：PLC、HMI、现场总线（CAN、EtherCAT、Profibus 等）、WLAN、安全 (SIL)。
级别 3 - 现场级别：
此级别包括所有终端设备，例如，与外围设备 PLC 或远程 I/O 系统协作，对收集到的数据进行预处理和通过现场总线与主 PLC 进行通信的传感器和执行器。
核心组件：微型 PLC、电机控制、工业传感器、执行器驱动器、继电器、开关、无线控制（RFID、使用 IEEE 802.15.4 拓扑的无线传感器网络）
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